Environmental regulation of oil and gas Essay

Demand and supply Introduction            The global oil and gas industry face an External Environment that is more dynamic, more challenging, and more diverse; less understood and has greater information symmetry. These Environmental factors include: Political, Economic, Technological, Legal, Environmental and social factors.            Political Environment: This involves the risk that political decisions and events that occur worldwide can affect the profitability and sustainability of the investment in the global oil and gas industry. Political decisions are very diverse thus they influence the oil and gas industry. For example, if there is political unrest in the major Oil Producing and Exporting Countries (OPEC) there could be no smooth operations of the oil and gas industry, thus oil and gas companies tend to prefer countries with stable political systems and a history that can guarantee long-term Leases.            Economic Environment: The economic development directly influences; the policymakers, citizens managers and institutions. The Gross national income (GNI) generated by both the domestic and international production activities of national companies and the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of countries do generally shape the global industry of oil and gas. The economical factors include; Inflation rate, Prevailing interest rates, unemployment level and the level of disposable income and income distribution.            Technological environment: These relate to the applications of new innovations such as Websites Internet as a business tool. Thus the oil and gas organizations need to be aware of the latest relevant technologies for them to succeed and surf the wave of change. Dubai as significant producer of oil and gas            Dubai is a major player in the world market and its role in international trade cannot be overemphasized since it contributes almost 10 percent in this trade. This country has repeatedly dominated the international market arena due to the following reasons, one it occupies a very strategic position in the middle of U.A.E coast and additionally it has one of the most efficient harbors in the world hence playing a crucial role in the transportation of goods between East and West markets. Also Dubai in the recent years has pursued to strengthen its strategic location by pursuing a free and balanced economic policy therefore gaining an international reputation which has not only seen the increase of Foreign direct investments (FDI) and also growth of service, commercial and industrial fields. Dubai is also endowed with natural resources like oil, gas just to name a few and also it has one of the best infrastructure in the world and therefore this resource and proper sy stems has seen the economy of Dubai take off in a way never witnessed before. The aim of this paper is to explore Dubai as a primary producer of oil and gas and its place in the international trade of oil and gas arena. References ASWATHAPPA, K. (2010). International business. New Delhi, Tata McGraw Hill Education. GAO, Z. (1998). Environmental regulation of oil and gas. London [u.a.], Kluwer Law Internat.LAX, H. L. (1983). Political risk in the international oil and gas industry. Boston, International Human Resources Development Corp MACDONALD, D. (2007). Business and environmental politics in Canada. Peterborough, Ont. [u.a.], Broadview Press. NEELANKAVIL, J. P., & RAI, A. (2009). Basics of international business. Armonk, N.Y., M.E. Sharpe Source document

Influence Business Continuity Essay

Working for Riordan Mfg., we have been tasked with either overseeing the company’s initiative, or advising an initiative to implement a Business Continuity Plan (BCP). Although there are scores of ways to do this on this topic, which also includes the concepts of â€Å" Disaster Recovery Planning† and â€Å"Business Resumption Planning,† the reality is that we need to start somewhere. And it is best that we think of this as a process, with distinct phases that provide measureable outcomes. There are two sayings one is â€Å"Rome was not built in a day† and another one is â€Å"You have to eat an elephant one bite at a time† The BCP takes time to work and things will not happen overnight. Some businesses are satisfied with just doing a data backup and are not concerned about other ramifications of an unplanned disaster, which of course, is an irresponsible approach. Riordan Mfg, however, will use their BCP efforts on what matters most to them — planning and addressing how they would manage significant, yet more â€Å"realistic† disasters. Either way, they’ll want to consider the questions below and how they influence how they will go about doing the BCP exercise: How long can we be â€Å"down† before our business is affected in such a way that we may not be able to recover (and what does â€Å"down† mean to us) How much does it cost us to be down? How long of an outage can our customers/clients accept before they go elsewhere for services? How much business can we conduct if our computers are down, if our paper files are water soaked from a pipe that exploded in the wall, if access to our building is being denied for safety reasons, or if our operations manager or IT leader goes missing for an extended period of time for any reason? Are there any regulatory requirements from local or federal government that require us to have a plan like this, and how do we know if we are staying within those requirements? Before this plan can work Riordan has to put a team together to implement the plan should the need ever arise. Assessment and Feedback Riordan Manufacturing has come across some concerns and issues with the employees. Employee motivation and retention has become an issue within the company. Riordan’s human resources processes are prohibiting the empowerment of employees, delaying potential growth due to unbalanced profits, and a decrease in sales. The human resources department needs to address these concerns because if they do not address these current issues, the company will not be able to continue their business strategy. The issues preventing logical human capital management is lack of employee motivation, a high turnover rate in strategic areas, the pay levels are below industry standards, and there is a lack of structure in the performance review process throughout the company. Riordan Manufacturing can work these issues out by creating a coaching and feedback process, planning career development programs, and updating pay for performance reward systems. The forms of communication from the management to the employees will be by e-mail, meetings and newsletters. Meetings will be held weekly as needed and more often if warranted. The newsletter will be published once a month, and the e-mails will be sent as needed. If a problem occurs a meeting wil management, team leaders and employees will be held immediately. Riordan Manufacturing’s reward system is out dated and it is based on how long an employee has been with the company and cost of living rises as well as seniority and position. The reward system does not reflect the company’s current strategy. Riordan has the opportunity to evaluate the structure of their pay scale and have their pay scale to reflect the corporate vision. The greater the alignment, or fit, between the organization and the compensation system, the more effective the organization (Milkovich & Newman, 2004). Riordan acknowledged there was a large group of employees that were not performing at top level while conducting a review of performance data. In order for the company to exceed, human capital must perform at its highest capacities. Riordan has the opportunity to identify motivators in Assessment and Feedback Existing talent pools to increase productivity. Employees must be motivated if they are to perform, behaviors such as high task performance, job seeking, attendance, or cooperation with others (Dreher & Dougherty, 2001). Motivation Theories (expectancy and equity). As soon as something is seen to be going in the wrong direction the so called brakes would have to be applied. And since Riordan Manufacturing is a publicly-owned corporations they have the primary goal of maximizing shareholder wealth, strategic planning centers on the long-term growth in a company’s financial position. Also, Riordan Manufacturing must constantly keep abreast of local, state, federal, and international laws, since a simple legislative act could affect them in any number of ways. Another primary concern is that of competition. This also suggests that Riordan Manufacturing should construct much of its budget based upon its economic forecast. The research concludes that Riordan Manufacturing seems well-poised to continue its growth in the plastic injection molding industry, and appears to adhere to sound financial planning strategies, leaving little doubt that its shareholders are being appropriately represented. Once Riordan Manufacturing clears all of the hurdles and is on the road to making everyone money things will look good for them and all.

The Problem with Eating Animals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Problem with Eating Animals - Essay Example Considering food intake should be in harmony with the natural order, it is okay to eat animal meat because that balances the ecological system by creating food chains which maintain nature. Too many animals conflict with humans and therefore resulting in undesirable natural order. Animals try to find their daily diets by grazing around and they might end up destroying plantations like it has been witnessed before where animals such as elephants invade plantations in search of food. This is due to their large numbers that have led to small grazing grounds. As described in the bible, animals are created to be ruled and eaten by man.Having feelings for animals implies that we regard them as humans which should not be the case since naturally humans were created to depend on animal meat as a source of food. Writers argue that eating meat violates animal rights, the reason being they have the life. I doubt that animals have the same feeling as humans and therefore eating animal meat is pe rfectly okay since they do not have a structured life as humans do. Eating meat does not compromise the integrity and stability of the human environment. It is therefore not wrong to eat meat since the order is still maintained-it is ethical. Humans do eat meat out of necessity and not pleasure, therefore, this is morally acceptable. This is a self-preservation mechanism which is meant to preserve life. Just like shooting someone in self-defense is not the same as killing someone for the sadistic reason.

Environmental Sustainability and Education Essay

Environmental Sustainability and Education - Essay Example Another thing worth mentioning here is that sustainability efforts should not focus on only one area because many areas come under the heading of sustainability ranging from environmental protection to climate change to biodiversity to women’s rights to organic farming. This suggests that sustainability touches every societal level and requires a lot of work. Brinkhurst et al. suggest that unified power of administrators and students is quite dazzling and impressive. Both teams are powerful agents of change. Administrators are labeled top and students are labeled bottom. Finlay and Massey claim that involvement of institutional middle is critically important to ensure eco-sustainability. They agree with the perspective of Brinkhurst et al. that middle institution should be committed to sustainability at different levels. Teaching, research, and awareness programs are three important media or platforms identified by Finlay and Massey through which administrators and students ca n together develop an environment for the better. Instead of following a centuries-old academic routine, it is only now that institutions have begun to orient their curricula around environmental issues, which is a very positive development. Alshuwaikhat and Abubakar stress that it is very important for management practices to be goal-oriented and very committed. There should be the development of a proper organizational structure in every college or university which solely focuses on promoting the vision of sustainability.

Effect of Film on Political Sensibilities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Effect of Film on Political Sensibilities - Essay Example The agents of socialization are those aspects that are responsible for the transmission of information through which people can acquire the socialization knowledge. Films contribute significantly to the political awareness in many individuals. The Disney Corporation is one entity that has been known to produce movies that embed personal messages that are aimed at nurturing the political sensibilities in the target audience. One particular film that appeals to my political sense is â€Å"Pocahontas.† The film that was done in 1995 and had a basis in a tale of a love affair that brews between a Native American princess and an English colonial sea captain. The film puts the harmonious values that are found in the indigenous cultures against the barbaric tendencies of the civilized cultures.The movie helps the audience in appreciating the core values of the indigenous cultures. The audience can identify with the film and raise its political sense in terms of integrating different cultures into the society. Some films can also be said to be transmitters of political messages. In â€Å"Salvador† which was done by Oliver Stone in 1986 is a critique of the American foreign policy in Central America. The movie also raises our political awareness in terms of understanding the diplomatic relations between America and allied Ð ½Ã °Ã'‚Ð ¸Ã ¾Ã ½Ã' . Most movies may not portray the message directly, but would rather convey a particular sort of values. The audience picks from these values and develops their political sensibilities.

The next generation air transportation system Research Paper

The next generation air transportation system - Research Paper Example The Next Generation 2010plan was developed with a plan to focus on theimprovement of the operations. In 2003 a Joint Planning and Development Office (JPDO) was developed to plan and coordinate the development of the system. Next Generation Air Transport System is majorly designed to relieve airspace congestion problems at high density airports (Rodrigues and Cusik). These airports are said to have a lot of flights taking place within 24 hours and human traffic is also high per year. Therefore FAA has rated them top in the list to receive this upgrading; an example is the New York Airport and Dallas Fort Worth International Airport. This system has been in demonstration in Delta Airlines and FedEx. Refining and improving satellite navigation through augmentation systems will assist pilots in all flight phases that are: taxing, to take-off, en-route flying and landing in all weather conditions, reaching the level of safety thatwill be required to cope with the continuous increase in the number of flights. It is an important development because flights could be for commercial purposes or leisure purposes within the same airspace thus the need to separate them. The old system provides navigation to pilots through the aid of equipment like Non Directional Beacon (NDB) which is a radio transmitter put on the ground at a known location from which the aircraft can track to or from, whereas VHF Omnidirectional Range (VOR) which is used to provide a more accurate directional information. Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) providesdistance information to and from the facility. Lastly, there is Instrument Landing System (ILS) that provides lateral and vertical guidance to aircraft approaching landing. All these facilities had to be located in positions where they were accessible for maintenance and optimum navigation purposes. Currently in the old systemdomestic airspace is monitored by the radar and there are

Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 34

Art - Essay Example Probably the latter forms are either harvesting or tilling machines mainly utilized to prepare the land. This is evident from the black and curved objects protruding close to the busy man who appears to operate a machine, hence forming the artwork’s focal point. In this artwork, Clyfford extensively utilizes red, yellow, black, grey and white colors besides their varied shades. Diverse color shades characterize the forefront space and the sky. Mostly, these shades help the audience to unveil the time of the day and season, which the artist features in his work. The forefront mixtures of both white and grey or bluish shades form snow like objects, which characterize the artist’s early childhood region. In addition, the long protruding object from the left corner to the right casts a shadow beneath it whereby according to its inclination proves the time was in the afternoon. In his effort to depict diverse objects comprising this artwork, Clyfford skillfully utilizes both the color and â€Å"ripping off† method. The latter is evident in the forefront objects whereby the artist employs several color layers before using a chisel-like tool to make white patches that resemble snow. The use of this technique is also evident on the protruding and extending object’s side at the background. However, the artist on the background object preferred utilizing grey color instead of white or other varied shades similar the forefront objects. This is to show a demarcation between the snow and the vertical wall linking other structures, which the man seem to cling on while undertaking his activities. In this artwork, illumination emanates from the left side as indicated by the way the long and protruding object in the background casts shadow in the opposite direction. Besides, the forefront forms and red clouds above the background confirm that the light’s source is in the left side. Illumination besides helping the audience to unveil what could be

The Limits of Sympathy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Limits of Sympathy - Essay Example Notably, Gregor's father hates him, beats him, throws apples at him, and reprimands him to his room. Nevertheless, Gregor Samsa continued to struggle in adapting to his new physical form until he dies. Grete Samsa is Gregor Samsa’s younger sister who takes up the responsibility of taking care of Gregor after the metamorphosis. In the beginning, the two had a close relationship where Grete sympathizes with him and voluntarily feeds him and cleans his room (Johnston 24-28). In addition, Grete would play violin outside Gregor’s room to console him. She would also dream of going to the conservatory. She also assumed the role of providing for the family after Gregor's transformation where she started working as a salesgirl. However, her sympathies faded with time as the burden became too much for her (Johnston 44-45). As a result she stopped cleaning Gregor’s room and even suggested to her parents that they get rid of Gregor. We can see the Samsa’s parents bein g more concerned about Grete’s well-being at the expense of Gregor’s condition. Ultimately, the unsympathetic nature of Grete and her parents led to Gregor’s death (Johnston 54-56). How the Character’s Past Shaped Grete Samsa and Gregor Samsa Life Notably, Gregor’s boss never accepts any excuses or explanation from the employees regardless of how hard they worked (Johnston 3). This prompted Gregor to work extra harder, observe time, and persevere in his challenging work as a travelling salesman (Johnston 8-9). Indeed, Gregor was never late for work. As a result, the incapability to provide for his family disturbed him so much. We can also establish that Grete and Gregor have always had a passion for each other and this led them to developing concern for each other in their lives. Gregor had huge dreams foe her sister and the incapability to achieve them weakened him (Johnston 28). Additionally, Grete’s past shaped her life and that of Gregor as she gets concerned of Gregor’s lateness in waking up (Johnston 4), removes the furniture from Gregor’s room to create some space for him, feeds and takes care of him. Moreover, Gregor’s father was always harsh to him (Johnston 19). As a result, Mr. Samsa hated Gregor, beat him, and threw apples at him after the transformation. Unfortunately, one of the apples got stuck in a sensitive part in his back for about a month which infected him and paralyzed his movements for life (Johnston 39-40). We can also see Mr. Samsa agreeing to get rid of Gregor a situation which terminates Gregor’s life. On the other hand, having been the youngest child, Grete was not used to challenges and lived a happy life. As a result, she easily gave up on taking care of Gregor and suggests that his family gets rid of him (Johnston 52). Ultimately this led to Gregor’s death. In his past, Gregor avoided conflict with anyone and worked hard to achieve what he had. This moti vated him to continue struggling to adapt to his new physical form which he became comfortable with after some time. What the Relationships of Grete and Gregor Reveal About Characteristics The relationship between Grete and Gregor reveal the kind nature of Gregor and Grete as they sought to take care of one another. They also reveal the loving and caring characteristics of the two characters (Johnston 10). Moreover, the relationships reveal the hardworking nature of Gregor as he sought to support his family especially Grete (Johnston 28-29).

Unit Plan for English learners Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Unit Plan for English learners - Essay Example Be able to deal with political issue and to understand how to protect oneself from any political issue The learner should be able to get some English concepts while learning social studies in class Introduce the use of computers in the teaching of social studies Unit objectives By the end of this course the learner should be able to 1. Identify the different types of politics in a given country and to give different countries in the world that use different forms of politics. 2. Identify the different methodologies that can be used to collect data relating to politics and how this can be improved. 3. Identify the different people in the world who have contributed positively and those who have contributed negatively to politics in the world 4. Be able to identify the different themes in journals that they get in class and to explain how each relate with the different politics and how it can be changed 5.Provide a good summary of the things that is learnt in class and how to implement it 6.Be able to present a well written essay about the political scene of the country in good grammar with no grammatical error. 7.Be able to differentiate the different types of citizenship and the roles of international boundaries to the development of the economy of the people in the world as a whole.... 7. Be able to differentiate the different types of citizenship and the roles of international boundaries to the development of the economy of the people in the world as a whole. Fitting the unit to the goals of the subject The main goal of this subject is to teach student to learn how to become responsible people for their country and to know how to make important decisions that pertains to the development of the country. The subject also has the goal of making the learner know how his actions as an individual can affect the whole republic. Apart from the political sides, the learner is also supposed to learn some Basic English concepts. Writing is one of the English concepts that the learner is supposed to grasp from the experience of this writing. Apart from the writing skills the learner should also be able to equip themselves with necessary skills in research work such as the methodology that is to be used in a particular field of study. All these are fulfilled by the study of th is unit. First the objectives of the study ensures that the learner fully understand the political responsibility that he has to fulfill to the nation and what his role to the politics of a nation is. The unit also entails some small research that involves use of different methodologies to find out more about the research thesis. By this the unit is able to achieve one of its major goals which are to enhance the learner to be able to identify the different methodologies that are used in a particular subject. Writing skills is also a goal that is achieved as the learner is able to get some writing skills from the unit. Student characteristics Most of the learners in this class have English as their first language

Development and Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Development and Diversity - Essay Example Later Thorndike added to the Pavlov’s theory by incorporating the idea of learning occurring when there was a â€Å"bond† between the stimuli and the response (Standridge, 2002). For Thorndike, the learner’s behavior could be adjusted by the presence of strong connections between the stimuli and response. B.F. Skinner added operant conditioning to the milieu and he established the concepts of reward and punishment. Rewards or praise connoted positive reinforcement. This type of reinforcement produced the necessary connections between the stimuli and response as posited by Thorndike. Likewise, punishment was considered to be negative reinforcement which causes the learner to reduce the inappropriate behavior. Skinner believed that although reinforcement increases learning, reinforcement that is given on an irregular basis allows the learning to be added to the long-term memory. Skinner’s operant conditioning was followed by Watson and eventually Guthrie est ablished his â€Å"contiguity (simultaneity of stimulus and response events)† theory (Lefrancois as cited in Standridge 2002). The behaviorist theorists all concluded that behavior could be changed through classical conditioning. In particular, behaviorist theorists combine reward and punishment in order to change the behavior of individuals. Thus, within a classroom setting, rewards and punishment are two dimensions of the behaviorist theory that still have great impact on the day to day operation of the classroom. Firstly, teachers can adopt the strategies to change the behavior of a disruptive student to more appropriate behavior. For example, if a student is continuously shouting across the classroom to other students then the teacher may choose either of two options. One, the teacher may use a simple praise tactic such as smiling with the student when he/she remains quiet in the seat or openly praising the behavior when it occurs. Secondly, the teacher may apply the nega tive reinforcement of ignoring the behavior providing that it does not cause damage to the said student or anyone else within the classroom. In ignoring the behavior the teacher does not give the student the attention that is craved by the student. In addition, the teacher may provide rewards on a minute basis such as praising the student whenever the teacher catches the student displaying the appropriate behavior. This act of rewarding appropriate behavior and negatively reinforcing inappropriate behavior is one example of learning for the behaviorists. In spite of these advantages to the classroom, the behaviorist theory has drawbacks to its use within the classroom setting. Firstly, Standridge (2002) suggests that behaviorists explore the observable behavior of individuals therefore the internal workings such as thought patterns, feelings and emotions are not included in the idea of behaviorism. Further, behaviorism considers learning that takes place due to the interaction of re inforcement and punishment but no consideration is given to behaviors that occur outside of these two elements. Moreover, Piaget suggests that individuals learn through adaption of new information into their schema. The behaviorist th

Care of the older adult notes Essay Example for Free

Care of the older adult notes Essay Many older patients are prescribed multiple drugs, take over-the-counter medications, and are often prescribed additional drugs to treat the side effects of the medications that they are already taking. The increase in the number of medications often leads to polypharmacy, which is defined as the prescription, administration, or use of more medications than are clinically indicated in a given patient. One widely used ADL tool is the Barthel Index : measure functional levels of self-care and mobility, and it rates the ability to feed and groom oneself, bathe, go to the toilet, walk (or propel a wheelchair), climb stairs, and control bowel and bladder. The original ADL tool was developed by Katz Several interventions that may help the prescriber to prevent polypharmacy include knowing all medications, by both brand and generic name, being used by the patient; identifying indications for each medication; knowing the side effect profiles of the medications; eliminating drugs with no benefit or indication; and avoiding the urge to treat a drug reaction with another drug. Patient education on the risks of polypharmacy may help the patient as well. The Mini-Cog: The screening consists of a three-item recall and a clock-drawing test. This reliable tool can assist nurses with early detection of cognitive problems. Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE): measure change in cognitive impairment. It measures orientation, registration, attention and calculation, short-term recall, language, and visuospatial function. *Dementia is a permanent progressive decline in cognitive function Of the five senses—hearing, vision, smell, taste, and touch—it is the occurrence of diminishe d vision and hearing that seems to have the greatest impact on older adults. Problems with vision or hearing can have negative effects on social interaction and hence on social and psychological health. Presbyopia refers to an age-related change in vision. Presbycusis refers to age-related progressive hearing loss. Age-related macular degeneration, the deterioration of central vision, Assessing Older Adults  cognitive-testing tools such as the Mini–Mental State Exam or the Orientation–Memory–Concentration Test (OMCT).3 Both tools assess orientation  to time and place, short-term memory, and concentration. The CAM is a standardized instrument developed for clinicians to identifydelirium, an acute change in mental status from baseline, quickly and accurately. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA © Version 7.1) was developed as a quick screening tool for MCI and early Alzheimer’s dementia. It assesses the domains of attention and concentration, executive functions, memory, language, visuoconstructional skills, conceptual thinking, calculations, and orientation End-of-Life Care The interdisciplinary group or team (IDG/IDT): Registered nurse—coordinates the plan of care for each patient Health Promotion Healthy people 2010- preventative measures for ages 50-64 Healthcare Policy and Reform Medicare is Title XVIII of the Social Security Act; it was passed in 1965, after years of trying to provide some kind of universal health insurance. It is an insurance program for those 65 or over who have paid into the Social Security system, the railroad fund, or are diagnosed with end stage renal disease. Activity: Healthcare Policy and Reform In general, you should apply for Medicaid if your income is low and you match one of the descriptions below. Medicare is a Federal health insurance program for people 65 years or older, certain people with disabilities, and people with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Medicare Medicare is an insurance program. Medical bills are paid from trust funds which those covered have paid into. It serves people over 65 primarily, whatever their income; and serves younger disabled people and dialysis patients. Patients pay part of costs through deductibles for hospital and other costs. Small monthly premiums are required for non-hospital coverage. Medicare is a federal program. It is basically the same everywhere in the United States and is run by the Centers for Medicare Medicaid Services, an agency of the federal government. Medicaid Medicaid is an assistance program. Medical bills are paid from federal, state and local tax funds. It serves low-income people of every age. Patients usually pay no part of costs for covered medical expenses. A small co-payment is sometimes required. Medicaid is a federal-state program. It varies from state to state. It is run by state and local governments within federal guidelines. To qualify for Medicaid, an individual must fit into a category of eligibility and meet certain financial and resource standards. Medicaid provides three types of health protection: 1) health insurance for low-income families and people with disabilities, 2) long-term care (LTC) for older Americans and persons with disabilities, and 3) supplemental coverage for low-income Medicare beneficiaries for services not covered by Medicare Living Environment Annual vaccination against influenza is recommended for all adults 65 years of age or older because more than 90% of the deaths from influenza occur in this population. Periodic boosters of tetanus vaccine, traditionally given every 10 years in the United States, are recommended for older adults by the USPSTF. The Beers List of medications to be avoided in the elderly has become a national guideline for prescribers and pharmacists in the United States (Fick etal., 2003). These medications include long-acting benzodiazepines, sedative or hypnotic agents, longacting oral hypoglycemics, analgesics, antiemetics, and gastrointestinal antispasmodics. Maintaining Functional Independence â€Å"Elderly patients with unintentional weight loss are at higher risk for infection, depression and death† U.S. Public Health Service published the report Promoting Health/Preventing Disease: Objectives for the Nation. This 1980 report outlined 226 objectives for the nation to achieve over the following 10 years. Healthy People 2000, was initiated by the U.S. Public Health Service in another effort to reduce preventable death and disability for Americans. Healthy People 2010 initiative; however, the number of objectives has increased to 467, and these are distributed over 28 priority areas. Frailty is perceived as a general decline in the physical function of older adults that can increase vulnerability to illness and decline. Defining characteristics include unintentional weight loss of more than 10%  in the prior year, feelings of exhaustion, grip strength in the weakest 20% for age, walking speed in the lowest 20% for age, and low caloric expenditure.

Processes of Policy Making

Processes of Policy Making Cherry Amor B. Dawal Policy making process: In running a healthcare organization it is very important to have a well comprehensive written policies, by way of making a policy it has to undergo stages and these stages formulated is very important in its own way to contribute for the success and profitable organization. Stages: Problem identification and agenda setting-It is the first step in policy making process.Problem identification is the first hand information to formulate a certain policy to be make. These certain issues should be in link to the long term goal or plan of the organization which address to policy creation. Formulation of a policy must be in accordance to the problem presented. This will help to identify a rule that can be suited to one particular situation or problem.Since the organization from the start has already a policy that already exist in this situation and problem arises and identified, that existing policy must to undergo for analysis whether there is a need to re visit and even revision of the policy. A thorough research,consultation,and collection of appropriate solicited idea is very much needed to come up with a good policy that would suit for its purpose.Ideas,opinion should be critically analyzed and must be fit for what is needed and would be able to solve the identifi ed problem,.Selection and suitability of the policy is very important inorder to serve its purpose for the task, minor problem should be with minor policy and major problems identified should be fit with major policies,so there will be no overlapping of ideas and what is more important is, both ways be therefore help to what is the cause and goal of the organization. Policy formation- This stage follow after the problem has already been identified.Main problem should be specifically address.Organization of the policy process  must take place. Every detailed situation must be given importance so it would help to make and sum up with pieces of ideas in the policy making.Formulation of accurate thoughts is very important to come up with a good product of the policy. Ideas must expressed well and a detailed situation analysis is necessary. Formulation must be tied up with organize process,policy structure must be identified so to come up with objectives and its component. Parties that need involvement in the process must be also identified,and all the ways and means of the resources and how it can be achieved. Ability to create thoughts and ideas and the availability are the primary criteria of the parties invloved,there should be no conflicting interest. Strategies must be in of great consideration for the achievement of goals.Open for suggestive ideas that may contribute for the bettermen of the said formulation of the policy.Draft text of the policy should then be visible and it must be in accordance to the set objectives.It can be done in only small group of people who are earlier involved in the process. These draft document should be out then and have circulation in the different agencies of the government particularly the ministry of health, this circulation must be open for comments.after wide consultation is done,both of the public and the private sectors,there should be revision based on the comments presented, then it will be finalized.Formulation stage is a critical stage for consolidation od ideas is very important these ideas should be analyzed well, and it is in the cooperation of both the public and private sectors involvement to come up with an acceptable policy. Adoption- is a universal acceptance of an idea,rules,and policies.It is in a state of acceptance both in the private and public sector.It has to undergo a certain process before it can be acknowlege by the society. Adoption in the sense that it is for the good of all and not on those selected group of people in the society, before an adoption may take place endorsement from government agencies and several private sectors is needed by then it can be known and introduce to the public. The endorsement should be facilitated in a formal way.In every country has its own way of policy adoption ,some may undergo for cabinet or parliament endorsement,the others remain on the administrative body that would serve to handle its implementation for the laws and regulations. Responsible for endorsement may depend on the nature of the policy whether it should cover national policy or just in one sector of the society.This stage of policy making is somewhat complicated as compare to the other stages since it involves approval and acceptance not just in one group of people but in consideration of almost all involve in the circulation and can be affected of the certain policy. This stage is being influenced by any factors that contribute since in the first phase of the agenda. In policy adoption media also play its role both in bias and unbiased circumstances, enhancement for the favorable reports and commentary, and undermine results for unfavorable comments and commentary. For national concern policy the President of the state has the sole authority and ability for the initiation, the congress and the parliament can also initiate but not with the same level of authority as what the president of the state has,local policies can be initiated by the governor and the mayor. Policy Implementation- it is the stage when the policy is being put into practice or applied. Implementation is the key to understand the complexity of the policy making process and its result. Implementation of policy must covered public administration aims and objectives. The process must affect for the social conditions and for the bettermen for all. In this generation policy implementation is not an easy task implementing agency on this stage of process has great influence, sometimes the concern is on their self interest and also to identify the effect of the policy and make any way for its improvement. For healthcare policy implementation it is the responsible government agency to implement,the task lies on them specifically it is the Ministry of Health one particular example is the Health insurance for senior citizen in the republic of the Philippines. There is a newly signed law or policy,approved by the president and it is a national agenda concern since it caters for filipin o citizen age 60 years old and above that is is not necessary for them to be a member of the Philippine health insurance system in order to avail benefits, but by just having their senior citizen card appropriate healthcare services will be given to them without cost and delay. Implementation is been effecrtive already as of this moment. There should be a master plan in ilme of polici implementation since this plan may serve as a guide for the aim and the set goals and objectives being set for the specific policy.Without implementation we cannot identify whether the policy is effective,need revision and no possible existence of idea without implementation.Agency responsible for the implementation should be responsible for monitoring as to whether the goals is being achieved or not. It should have to cover any existing means and way inorder to bring the policy for the respective recepients. Policy monitoring and Evaluation- this is the last stage of the policy making process.Monitoring is a process being done while the policy is being implemented. This is being done inorder to improve the policy design and to identify if revision of the policy is needed,also to determine if the policy is effective or not. Evaluation take place for the purpose of knowing the effect and the outcome of the policy after it has been implemented. Main concern also llies on the selection for the appropriate design policy in the future. It may give significance and assess the impact and extent of the policy whether it has served its purpose or not,is it the benefit of the policy is being distributed well. This process of policy making requires experts to do the task. The following should be in consideration during monitoring and evaluation process. A continous feedback is necessary and must be provided to know if the goals of the policy is being achieved. At an early stage of the process potent ial problems should be identify to provide any possible solutions. Efficiency of the policy should be monitor,to know whether improvement of the policy is needed or not. Evaluation has to consider either using one of its type. For program evaluation a formative evaluation should be use, which address for the purpose of improvement of the policy and aid in implementation. A summative evaluation is design for the purpose in identifying if the policy achieved its goals and purpose. Best policy monitoring and evaluation mostly uses a comprehensive approach which uses both of the techniques. Policy making process is not an easy taks for healthcare organizations.Equipped knowledge and dedication is a primary requirements in order to fulfill the task well and be able to serve its purpose.

Poverty, Social Exclusion and Discrimination in Wales

Poverty, Social Exclusion and Discrimination in Wales Wales is a diverse country with its own national identity, language and multicultural society, however Wales also has defined issues. Within the following assignment I plan to look at the impact of poverty, discrimination and social exclusion within Wales and the role of the social worker in addressing these issues. I will then explain the role of anti-oppressive practice in creating social inclusion. To understand the impact of poverty, discrimination and social exclusion I need to explain what is meant by these issues. People often think of poverty and social exclusion as a financial issue which affects people who are unemployed living on benefits but in reality it encompasses a far wider range of individuals (The Bevan Foundation 2009). Definitions of poverty, discrimination and social exclusion vary but I think the definition given by European Commission covers the wide spectrum of issues. It states: â€Å"People are said to be living in poverty if their income and resources are so inadequate as to preclude them from having a standard of living considered acceptable in the society in which they live. Because of their poverty they may experience multiple disadvantage through unemployment, low income, poor housing, inadequate health care and barriers to lifelong learning, culture, sport and recreation. They are often excluded and marginalised from participating in activities (economic, social and cultural) that are the norm for other people and their access to fundamental rights may be restricted.† Wales is the poorest country within the United Kingdom, due to the closure of much of its industry causing high unemployment, cuts in public spending, benefit changes and an aging population, it is thought that 600,000 approximately quarter of population live in poverty, even areas which are considered to be affluent are not as rich as many parts of the rest of the United Kingdom (Joseph Rowntree Foundation 2013). The Bevan Foundation defines groups of people within Wales who experience poverty, discrimination and social exclusion, these are ethnic minority groups, women, disabled people, children and young people and older people of pension age. The BBC news and save the children have states one in three children in Wales live in a home earning 60% lower than the average income across the United Kingdom which is  £26000, as a result Wales has some of the poorest families who have stated they regularly go without food to ensure their children are able to eat and are finding it hard to purchase basis such as shoes and a warm winter coat. Some welsh parents on a low income have stated they are regularly stressed about money which impacts on their relationship with their children, this can have lasting effects on the child. Children who grow up poor are more likely to leave school without qualifications, have fewer life experiences, reduced aspiration, restricted ability to get a good job and can lead to lifelong problems with their physical, mental condition leading to shortened lives. Many of these families find themselves in the continual cycle of poverty and social exclusion, for example a child raised in poverty is more l ikely to leave school with low or no qualifications, which reduces employment opportunities available to them, which leads to low income which could lead to them living and bringing up their children in poverty and the cycle begins once again. These issues are then compounded by the discrimination of wider society who often view people living in poverty as ‘scroungers’ living off the state, this fed by the media reporting on people claiming large amounts of benefits and shows such as Benefits Street which the minority of people when the reality many people living in poverty are often working. Poverty and social exclusion can be seen as an issue within large cities, there is a perception that only the rich live in rural areas, but these issues also affect Wales’s large rural areas. Pierson suggests exclusion within rural areas can be seen as an individual matter as people who currently living in poverty often live next door to someone whose home is their second or a multiple cars household, compared with people living in urban areas who live in socially deprived areas where their next door neighbour could be facing the same issues, taking this into account dealing with these issues could be harder to tackle. Pugh states it is often hard to recognising issues of social exclusion, poverty and discrimination within rural areas due to outsiders being unwelcome in smaller communities or due to the geographical areas of individuals. With the withdrawal or consolidation of services many services due to small amounts of people using them, many people are often left socially isolated. Pierson also suggests that people living in rural areas often face higher living expenses and they need to travel longer distances to purchases the basics. Young people living in poverty within rural areas often find themselves with low educational qualifications and a reduced or no opportunities for employment. Shucksmith suggests younger people and older people within rural areas often socialise more than in urban areas which can often influence their views on sexuality and social roles, this can cause discrimination or leave people unable to openly deal with l issues such as sexuality within the local community. Pugh states isolation within rural areas for people with mental health issues is often caused by peoples misunderstanding of their issues which can cause discrimination, people are often left not wanting to engage in communities where these views are present, this is often the views and experiences of homosexual men and women. There is often an assumption within the care sector in Wales that most welsh speakers have the ability to speak English and therefore are able to receive services in English. As a result some areas of social care sector there is little or no provision for services delivered via the medium of welsh. Section one of the code of conduct ‘1.6 states respecting diversity and different cultures and value’ by not providing services for a service user in welsh the social worker is failing to meet the needs of the service user which could result in disempowerment. Welsh Government states in More than Just Words ‘Many service users are very vulnerable, so placing a responsibility on them to ask for services through the medium of Welsh is unfair. It is the responsibility of service providers to meet these care needs. Organisations are expected to mainstream Welsh language services as an integral element of service planning and delivery’. Social workers continually addressing issues cause by social exclusion, discrimination and challenge them sensitively and constructively which is a fundamental part of their role. This is reflected in the code of practice written by the care council of Wales, throughout the code it states people must treat people as individuals and acknowledge peoples beliefs in cultures and values. The care worker must not: 5.5 Discriminate unlawfully or unjustifiably against service users, carers or colleagues 5.6 Condone any unlawful or unjustifiable discrimination by service users, carers or colleagues Thompson states the social worker must understanding and recognise the significance of discrimination and oppression in service users’ lives and circumstances. Discrimination occurs on 3 levels (PSC) which are interlinked, P refers to personal or psychological, this looks at the individual’s thoughts, feelings, attitudes and actions, thoughts about specific groups within society are often based on people’s individual experiences. C refers to someone’s culture which impacts on how people do, think or see things, culture can be very influential on what people see as the ‘norm’ within society. The final letter S refers to Structural levels this is social division and power within society. Honer states the social worker must also understand groups and individuals can face discrimination which can be very different and personal. The role of the social worker is multifunctional dealing with poverty, social exclusion and discrimination with emphasise on a holistic, citizen centred support which empowers people to take control of their lives while promoting social change (International Federation of social workers). Thompson sees empowerment on three different levels Personal, cultural, structural, I think this can also been seen with Dominelli as they state empowerment can be carries out on two levels. The micro level is the work the social worker carries out with the service user enabling them to take control of their lives, and the macro level is the work the social worker carries out within the wider community and challenging social policy by bring issues to the attention of relevant authorities or pressure groups, increasing the social and political power of groups which are oppressed. Unfortunately this can be lost within current targeted directed practice. People are encouraged to achieve their full pote ntial and promotes coping strategies to ensure people succeed. Pierson states when working with service users who are socially excluded, there are 5 building blocks required, maximising income and securing basic resources for service users and their families. The social worker needs to have a good understanding of the current benefits systems and keep up to date with any changes. Strengthening social supports and networks, working in partnership with agencies and local organisations, creating channels of effective participation for service users, local residents and their organisations. Focusing on neighbourhood and community level practice. Dominelli suggests creating power in oppressed groups by bring together people are oppressed by the same issues e.g. single mothers, and giving them the power to speak up together. Social workers have a responsibility of the law. The Equality Act 2010, The Disability Discrimination Act 1995 and the Human Rights Act 1998 are pieces of legislation which a social worker is able to use to address issues of discrimination, including disability, sex, race and religion when services are withheld. Dominelli suggests oppression involves something which divides people into dominant or superior group and subordinate or inferior ones, this can result in the views and contribution of the oppressed being seen as invalid and the movements of the oppressed are often controlled by the dominate party. To address oppression the social worker must work in an anti-oppression way which rejects oppression and the way in which it disables individuals. Anti-oppressive practice holds the view each individual, group or community are diverse, equal and able to achieve their full potential and create social inclusion. To achieve social inclusion the social worker must work in partnership alongside the service user, family, local community and with organisations who are able to provide support, address highlighted needs from a clear assessment process in a holistic manner to empower them using strength based practise. The social worker also needs to create a clear plan with agreed objectives and time scales within a person centred framework with regular reviews. Dalrymple and Burke 2006 state: Anti-oppressive practice is based on the belief that social work should make a difference so that those who have been oppressed may regain control of their lives and re-establish their right to be full and active members of society. While promoting anti-oppressive practice it is important the social workers do not become accepting of any issues they continually deal with as there is a risk of seeing these issues as the norm when dealing with issues over a long period of time. Thompson also states the social worker must be aware of the power which can be held within the role and do not use this inappropriately when dealing with individuals who can be seen as being disadvantaged by their lack of power. The social worker must also ensure they do not reinforce any stereotypes or discriminatory roles such as people with a disability are unable to make choices for themselves or all women are responsible for childcare. As can be seen there are issues which affect Wales, as part of it role the welsh Government has created specific strategies to deal with the economic and social issues which affect Wales, such as The Welsh Government document Tackling Poverty Action Plan 2012-2016 which outlines how the Assembly aim to tackle the issue of poverty. The plan has 3 main areas prevention, helping people into work and Mitigating the impact of poverty. It is the role of the social worker to implement some parts of these strategies and instigate social change by empowering service users. The role of social work within Wales is continually evolving due to changes in Government policy and social change, with the promise of further powers for the Welsh Government the future holds possible further changes to the role.

The Afterlife and Beyond :: Ancient Egypt Egyptian History

The Afterlife and Beyond Egyptians were loyal to their gods and to their pharaohs who were gods on earth, as established by their enthusiasm to build the pyramids for the safe means of access of their leaders into the next world. Understanding the development and belief system they had with the physical and afterlife, you would have to know a little bit about the location of the area, which the Egyptians began to rise. The villages of ancient Egypt were found all along the Nile. The Egyptians were skillful farmers. They knew the Nile would flood each year and bring new life and rich grain. The Nile's flooding was expected and left rich new deposits of mud for new crops, making irrigation easy to plan. A basic irrigation system allowed the floodwaters to flow gently into each field, cleansing and renewing the earth each year. Egyptian people would then look to nature to explain the unexplainable. Egyptian gods were depicted as wise, caring, predictable, and forgiving, just as the Nile was predictable and life sustaining. The Egyptian people thought the world was created by super beings using earth, wind and fire. This was called "The Theogony of Heliopolis". The Theogony of Heliopolis is the belief that a water god called Nu, who gave birth to the sun god Ra, who then created his wife Tefnut, who made the rain. Together, they created Seb, God of the Earth, and Nat, the Goddess of the Sky. Seb and Nat were the parents of Osiris who later became the ruler of the underworld, Isis, Set and Nepthys. Ra is given credit for creating the heavens and earth and all creatures. Ra is also said to have created man from his eye, and Ra became the first king on earth. The idea that the god Ra was the first king is the seed for the belief that a Pharaoh was both King and god. After Ra gave up his kingship to ride across the sky, Osiris became king with Isis as his queen. Osiris is recognized with teaching men to be civilized, and for teaching mankind to worship the gods and to build temples. Almost every god and god dess was associated with one or more animals and in some instances might appear in the form of their chosen animal-familiar. This was called anthropromorphic. Another Egyptian link from the physical world to the supernatural is the pyramid. The Afterlife and Beyond :: Ancient Egypt Egyptian History The Afterlife and Beyond Egyptians were loyal to their gods and to their pharaohs who were gods on earth, as established by their enthusiasm to build the pyramids for the safe means of access of their leaders into the next world. Understanding the development and belief system they had with the physical and afterlife, you would have to know a little bit about the location of the area, which the Egyptians began to rise. The villages of ancient Egypt were found all along the Nile. The Egyptians were skillful farmers. They knew the Nile would flood each year and bring new life and rich grain. The Nile's flooding was expected and left rich new deposits of mud for new crops, making irrigation easy to plan. A basic irrigation system allowed the floodwaters to flow gently into each field, cleansing and renewing the earth each year. Egyptian people would then look to nature to explain the unexplainable. Egyptian gods were depicted as wise, caring, predictable, and forgiving, just as the Nile was predictable and life sustaining. The Egyptian people thought the world was created by super beings using earth, wind and fire. This was called "The Theogony of Heliopolis". The Theogony of Heliopolis is the belief that a water god called Nu, who gave birth to the sun god Ra, who then created his wife Tefnut, who made the rain. Together, they created Seb, God of the Earth, and Nat, the Goddess of the Sky. Seb and Nat were the parents of Osiris who later became the ruler of the underworld, Isis, Set and Nepthys. Ra is given credit for creating the heavens and earth and all creatures. Ra is also said to have created man from his eye, and Ra became the first king on earth. The idea that the god Ra was the first king is the seed for the belief that a Pharaoh was both King and god. After Ra gave up his kingship to ride across the sky, Osiris became king with Isis as his queen. Osiris is recognized with teaching men to be civilized, and for teaching mankind to worship the gods and to build temples. Almost every god and god dess was associated with one or more animals and in some instances might appear in the form of their chosen animal-familiar. This was called anthropromorphic. Another Egyptian link from the physical world to the supernatural is the pyramid.

Lab Report: Bramble Leaf Morphology Essay -- essays research papers

B. IMPLEMENTING SUN SITE SHADE SITE Thickness of bramble leaf/ mm 0.31 0.30 0.25 0.26 0.31 0.29 0.27 0.26 0.33 0.32 0.29 0.25 0.35 0.34 0.27 0.27 0.29 0.25 0.29 0.32 0.25 0.33 0.36 0.31 0.37 0.34 0.27 0.36 0.28 0.29 0.22 0.17 0.24 0.19 0.19 0.21 0.22 0.18 0.16 0.22 0.16 0.19 0.22 0.19 0.17 0.19 0.17 0.19 0.20 0.16 0.22 0.21 0.18 0.19 0.15 0.20 0.16 0.21 0.19 0.18 Mean bramble leaf thickness / mm 0.30 0.19 Light Intensity / mV At 10:30 7.81 At 13:00 8.34 At 15:30 7.65 At 10:30 3.89 At 13:00 4.02 At 15:30 3.76 Mean light intensity/mV 7.93 3.89 Aspect of Site South East South East Results In order to investigate the effect of light intensity on bramble leaf morphology, it was decided that thickness would be the particular morphological feature that was going to be investigated. It was felt that the best possible use was made of the equipment and sites available in order to attain reliable data under the time constraints involved. The sample size for this investigation was set at 30 – this allowed a reasonably large sample and thus reasonably confident conclusions and tests are possible for the Analysis and Evaluation sections. However, a sample size of 30 is still small enough in order to feasibly collect data within the allocated time period. The two sites chosen were suitable in order for valid data to be collected and compared. The two sites were comprehensively distinct sun and shade sites. As can be seen on the photograph, the sun site had virtually no major branches or trees in its vicinity and thus a lot of light was able to shine on the leaves. In contrast, the shade site was surrounded and shadowed ... ...ns, it has to be stated that the validity of the results have been undermined and the conclusion is certainly stated with less confidence. The accumulation of so many sources of error seems to suggest that the conclusion may even be an altogether incorrect one due to unreliable collection of data. However, the sources of error do not change the conclusion itself. Pieces of evidence such as the significant differences in means, use of standard deviation and the comprehensiveness of the t-test suggest that the conclusion is still a valid one. Although the data is not completely normally distributed, the 99.999% confidence at which the t-test accepts the hypothesis is considerable. Certainly, these limitations suggest that that percentage is unlikely to be that high, but given the nature of the investigation and results ascertained, the conclusion is still a valid one.

My Summer Vacation :: Summer Vacation Essays

One of my favorite family traditions is summer vacation. Every summer without fail we go on vacation. For the past ten years we have been going to Disney World with our family friends the Battaglia's, so it has turned into a tradition up until last summer when we broke our florida adventure to go to Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We have been going on vacation with the Battaglia's for so long for a very good reason. It is because everyone gets along. My mom, Mr. Battaglia and Mrs. Battaglia are very good friends. Ronnie Battaglia, who is 19, is my best friend and we get along great. My sister Katie, 16, and Beth Battaglia, 18, also get along very well. This works out great because we are all old enough to go out and do our own thing without getting the parents too much involved. Since most of the fun things to do are located right near the hotels we stay at we rarely need to ask them for a ride anywhere, so everyone gets there way and it turns into a great vacation for all of us.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We have been going to Disney World together for as long as I can remember. We know the place inside and out. Where all the best rides are, which park is the best, it even got so bad that we knew what time the lines for each ride was shortest. Disney World always comes out with some kind of new ride or show each year so that is what mostly kept us continuing to come back year after year. On day though while we were planning our next trip we decided it was time for a change of pace.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We thought that Myrtle Beach, South Carolina would be a nice place to visit. My mom had already ventured down there with a friend and new that everyone would enjoy it. So we went down there last summer and it was a big transition for all of us. it was more of an adult vacation which was good because we were getting a little too old for Disney World.

Characters in Hamlet and Claudius Essay

* Themes: * Certainty and Uncertainty * Because of all the deceit and theme of appearance and reality, every character is uncertain of who they are and who others are really like. No one knows for sure and is certain who anyone is anymore. * The audience is confused and not sure of the character Hamlet, Gertrude, Ophelia etc are anymore- there are so many attitudes and situations in the play that make these characters uncertain. * Hamlet and his antic disposition- he pretended to be mad but towards the end it also seemed as if he actually went mad. * It is uncertain that Gertrude is a queen blinded by Claudius and Hamlet or a person who doesn’t care about what happened to King Hamlet and just wants to stay in power. She can also be viewed as an incestuous woman. No one knows for sure anymore. * Ophelia starts out as a distraught girl who is in love with hamlet but then goes crazy when she finds out he ‘doesn’t love her’. It is not certain who Ophelia really is as her character is ambiguous in general. * Appearance and reality * King Claudius appears to be good man but in reality he is the murderer of the King Hamlet. Deceitfully and criminally took the throne for himself. * Polonius seems like a loving father but in reality he is a manipulative and deceitful man. * Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are two twins who appear to be hamlets friends but in reality they are spies working for Claudius. * Struggle for power * Claudius murdered King Hamlet to gain power (the throne) * Polonius lies to Ophelia in order to gain a good eye in the favour of the king Claudius- hoping to gain some power. Soliloquies: * Act III Scene 1 * The soliloquy â€Å"to be or not to be† is an important one to note as hamlet here ponders on the topic of death. It could possibly be because he feels guilty and angry at what he has done or said up to this point- antic disposition (pretending to be mad and try to kill Claudius in the mean time etc). * He has a powerful and tense relationship with the thought of death and life. * Act IV Scene IV * In this soliloquy hamlet questions his own courage and his worth as a man, if he confines to be unwilling to act. He compares his lack of action to Fortinbras and his army who are willing to risk all. * The issue of Hamlet acting too late in killing Claudius ponders hamlets mind, thinking whether it was good to wait or bad to wait or whether it was worth it. Characters: * Hamlet * Main character, antic disposition, madness, falseness, anger * Ophelia * Hamlets lover, goes insane when she finds out that Hamlet doesn’t love her- even though it was a lie and he does. * Claudius * Uncle of Hamlet, brother of King Hamlet and murderer of King Hamlet. Remarried Queen Gertrude and gained power to the throne. Hamlets enemy and target on getting revenge on. * Gertrude * Mother of hamlet and newly remarried wife of her brother in law King Claudius. Viewed as incestuous. Finds it hard to believe or understand her son Hamlet throughout the play. * Guildenstern and Rosencrantz * Twins who were Hamlets childhood friends but turned out to be spies for Claudius. * Polonius * Appears to be a loving father to Ophelia and Laertes but really is a manipulative and deceitful man. Yearns to have power like Claudius thus he tries to get on his ‘good’ side. * Laertes * Son of Polonius and brother of Ophelia. Does not like the fact that Ophelia loves Hamlet. Quotes: * Polonius: â€Å"and borrowing dulls the edge of husbandry. This above all: to thine own self be true, and it must follow, as the night the day, thou canst not then be false to any man. Farewell; my blessing season in thee!† he gives Laertes a blessing to go away, he sends a spy to follow him and keep an eye on him lack of trust in people. * Rosencrantz and Guildenstern: â€Å"A dream is but a shadow† and â€Å"tis as easy as lying; govern these vantages with your finger and thumb, give it breath with your mouth†. In these Acts hamlet can see they are lying and spying on him. * Claudius: â€Å"though yet of Hamlet our dear brother death/ the memory be green, and that it us befitted/ to bear our hearts in grief, and our whole kingdom/ to be contracted in one brow of woe.† Here he speaks kindly only to give the appearance of a loving brother, even though in reality he cares little for the old king. * Hamlet: â€Å" I am but mad north-north- west: when the wind/is southerly I know a hawk from a handsaw† hamlet here is very convincing actor for even his own mother. * Gertrude : â€Å" Alas, He’s mad† * Hamlet and Ophelia : â€Å"you should not have believ’d me/I lov’d you not†

Holden and Phoebe

In a frenzy of sadness and frustration on the night that Allele died, Holder smashed all the windows in his garage with his bare fists. I was only thirteen, and they were going to have me psychoanalysis and all, because I broke all the windows in the garage. I don't blame them. I really don't. I slept in the garage the night he died, and I broke all the goddamn windows with my first Just for the hell of it. My hand still hurts me once in a while, when it rains and all, and I can't make a real fist any more†¦ Although Holder is innocent, he is not naive. Society has affected him to the extent that he is aware of the cost of things, but wastes his money on taxis, as he wants to avoid the phones on buses. He refers to the value of his coat, his cases, his typewriter and even his pens, but he does not cherish his possessions as he gives his typewriter away and lends his coat to Seedeater. When his gloves were stolen, the only thing he cared about was that he became cold.When he was a child he lost his belongings – so now as a teenager he fails to take his change and hates people ho spend time at posh restaurants and popular bars; yet there is a hypocritical side to him which makes him take taxis, go to bars, cinemas and theatres, and stay in hotels. Society has taken everything from Holder, both of his brother's presence and his parents Seedeater borrows all he owns, his clothes and even the girl he loves.His possessions are stolen at school. Because of all of this, he feels he must reject society. It is not surprising that he feels he must turn to children; after all, they are a symbol of innocence, and they have not rejected him. He says that he would like to e ‘The Catcher in the Rye', who is a fictional character in a Burns poem, who stops children running off the edge off cliff whilst playing in rye fields.This analogy epitomizes the only future Holder can see for himself. Phoebe is the only person Holder trusts. Her sanity and naturalness re stores confidence of society in Holder. Due to his love from Phoebe a complete breakdown by the pond, and from a pointless escape later. Holder hates hypocrites and phones, but meets few people who are honest, so he generalizes and says there are phones all around him, another thing that makes IM an outcast of society.Even his teachers are phones; Mr. Spencer acts in front of the headmaster, and the headmaster performs in front of the rich parents and Mr. Anatolian appears to have crooked morals. Holder's parents are absent in his life, his dad is a lawyer who is very strict as seen in â€Å"Daddy will kill you† he also doesn't show affection towards Holder. Holder's mother isn't very interested in neither his nor Phoebe's lives as when she catches Phoebe smoking, as all she says is â€Å"l don't like that, Phoebe. I don't like that at all. † (159)

Micheal Jordan

Basketball is a team sport with five players per team. There’s a center, power forward, small forward, point guard, and shooting guard. Brought up in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith, it has become one of the most popular and widely viewed sports in America. The objective of basketball is to shoot a round ball into a hoop placed ten feet in the air. Basketball consists of many rules and regulations or fouls. There are two types of fouls: technical fouls and disqualifying fouls. Today there are two leagues: the NBA (national basketball association) and the WNBA or women’s basketball association.Michael Jeffrey Jordan was born on February 17, 1963 in Brooklyn New York. He began to try to start his sports career by playing all available sports in high school. His junior year he was recruited to the University of North Carolina to play college basketball and from there he was drafted third overall to the Chicago Bulls in 1997 were his career starts and he becomes the widely popul ar icon you know. Michael started his team with a championship and an MVP award for himself. Jordan â€Å"transcended† basketball and became a national icon for great artistry, dignity, and history. Michael is very popular and has many nicknames.He had names that transcended basketball. Names such as â€Å"Air Jordan â€Å"and â€Å"His Airness â€Å" but he’s best known by his initials M. J. Jordan was very well known and acknowledged by big stars. He starred in the movie â€Å"Space Jam† and was the star of the movie â€Å"Like Mike†. He has his own shoe line that came out in 1985 and is called Air Jordan’s which are widely popular and sponsored by Nike. Jordan is sponsored by many companies and he has been in many commercials supporting them. He has been in commercials such as Wheaties, Gatorade, McDonalds, Nike, and many more. Jordan has been to the Olympics twice for basketball.He has been to Los Angeles in 1984 where he and his team took the gold. He also went to Barcelona in 1992 with his â€Å"Dream Team† were they took the gold again. He’s also been to two other American games were he also took the gold. He was in the FIBA American Games in Portland during 1992 and the Pan American Games in Caracas during 1983. Michael is now forty-six years old and owns the Charlotte Bobcats and other sports teams. He retired early in the 2004 season to his house in Wilmington, North Carolina. Jordan retired with over three hundred million dollars in his bank account.He has three kids, two boys Larry Jordan and James R. Jordan Jr. He also has a daughter Jasmine Jordan who was his youngest child. Jordan played for the Chicago Bulls who are one of the most popular and decorated teams in American history. The team was founded in 1966 by Dick Klein. Their owner is Jerry Reinsdorf their general manager is Gar Forman and their head coach Tom Thibodeau. The team has an estimated value of 600 million dollars. The team has won six championships and six MVP awards. Their also the only team in recorded history to win seventy-two games in one season.There part of the central division and the eastern conference. Their colors are white, black, and red. And they have an era devoted to M. J. called the Michael Jordan era which took place in the years 1984 through 1998. Michael Jordan is the biggest idol in basketball and sports history. He is widely known and very popular. Michael changed basketball history. He was a turning point in basketball that led the basketball world to new heights by inventing the â€Å" dunk â€Å" and many other things that are natural to see in basketball now. He changed basketball its fans and the world.

Frankenstein Media Coursework Essay

Frankenstein or The Modern Prometheus was Mary Shelley’s own Prodigy and one of the greatest novels known in literature; some claim it was the first science fiction novel of any type which blends gothic horror and romance and reveals the terrifying consequences of playing God. It all began in the summer of 1816 at the famed Villa Diodati on the shores of Lake Geneva where Lord Byron had challenged Mary Shelley to write a ghost story which would later become precursor of science fiction ‘Frankenstein’. She completed the novel in 1817 and the first edition was published in 1818. The novel was written in the ‘Romanticism Period’ which was an artistic intellectual movement which used strong emotion, imagination and freedom within. Mary Shelley’s ‘Frankenstein’ is undoubtedly one of the most literary triumphs of this period. While a prisoner of war the director James Whale learned to write stage plays and that is how his talent first became known to him. This talent eventually led him to Hollywood in the 1930’s along with the play ‘Journeys End’. One of the best horror movies James Whale directed was ‘Frankenstein’ aspects of him being socially different (him being a homosexual) were detected in this film for example the rejection of the monster could reflect him being rejected in society. The 1920’s and 30’s saw ‘The Great Depression’ and ‘The Golden Age of Hollywood’. The Great Depression A. K. A The Wall Street Crash happened in October 1929. The debts of Hollywood tripled to $410 million dollars due to The Depression. The kind of movies that Hollywood produce during The Depression changed due to the public mood, more cynical characters were created to reflect a sense of despair e. g. gangsters and prostitutes. Public pressure disallowed pre-martial sex, immoral and criminal activity to be shown this was the reason why scenes from the Frankenstein film were cut due to public pressure and the risk of boycotting from the public. Kenneth Branagh was born on 10th December and is the best known Shakespeare interpreter of the 20th century and is an icon as he could direct and act, this led him to win 2 Baftas and 1 Emmy. Many ideas could have triggered the idea for Branagh’s ‘Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein’. One of these ideas was the science breakthrough cloning: In 1997 on 22nd February the first ever cell was created and claimed life. The fighting of other countries carried on and many innocent lives were lost, this could have encouraged Branagh making a film with the idea of bringing people back from the dead and being able to play god. ‘Media Products of their time’ are innovations which may adapt people’s lives, society, politics, culture, religion, moral and philosophical ideas within their time. For me to analyse whether or not the films are ‘Media Products of their time’ I will look at the techniques they use and whether or not they reflect the society, law, censorship, technology, morals and politics etc. of their time.

Implementation of Enterprise Architecture Research Paper

Implementation of Enterprise Architecture - Research Paper Example In addition, business architecture acts as a foundation for the organization in aspects relating to missions and vision of the organization. Furthermore, business architecture allows the top-level management to make future decisions about the organization and allow them to communicate changes that follow those decisions across the organization. In order to achieve its purpose, the business architecture has significant aspects, which include information, processes, functionality, and organizational roles. According to Murer, Bonai & Furrer (2010), information involves the core details and systems, which provide store and process critical business information. All this information is arranged in a model that allows all this details to be implemented easily. Business functions are provided through the use of applications. The business functions are normally linked to the information model to be able to analyze any gaps or misalignments that may be present in the application. In addition , by linking the business functionality to the information architecture, a clear description of what information are used for particular purposes are known. The business process involves clear and flexible workflows that allow frequent process to be identified in multiple processes. Well-designed operational processes will allow efficient capturing and processing of data. To ensure that operation of processes is efficient, different roles are assigned to various organizational structures, which result to critical decisions being put in to action. Enterprise Application Architecture According to Murer, Bonai and Furrer (2010), use of various functionalities in application architecture forms an application landscape, which can be used to provide definite business purposes. In addition, for the application architecture to accomplish its purpose certain software parts need to be combined to sustain the business process. The software component will include data structures, programs, conf igurations and related documentation. The application landscape will have domains, which contain information related to the business. That is business functions and entities. A large application landscape may necessitate the use of several domains and sub-domains to allow efficient management. Murer et.al (2010) note that application domains should be chosen in such a way that applications in the same domain could be linked to one another than when in different domains. This endures that quality is not compromised. In addition, the choice of a domain model needs to be carefully selected taking into account the processes and products being incorporated into the domain. Furthermore, closely linked applications in the same domain will have a crucial influence on the use of the application landscape. The domain will assist in breaking down the data used in the application landscape in to minor easily manageable components. Modeling approach will entail preparation of a catalog of functi ons and data both on an appropriate level (Murer et.al, 2010). This will be followed by assigning each function and data to the suited sub domain. In addition, certain regulations will be used to assign data to the sub domains. These include cohesion, which is the measure of how the functionality and data are related, and how the components inside the sub domain work. Further, low coupling will ensure less dependency between the sub domains, whereas a

International Debt Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International Debt Crisis - Essay Example These OPEC nations deposited much of their profits in commercial banks.; Sseeking for new investment opportunities, these banks issued loans to developing countries without strictly monitoring how loans were used. Some of these loans loans didn't even not meeting the minimum standard of social, ecological and economic viability; they and only enriched a small group of people such as government officials and small elites. Meanwhile, extremely tight monetary policies were used to control inflation, which contributed to the rising interest rate, high cost of fuel and world recession, therefore making it . It was difficult for these "Global South" countries to repay their debts., Ssome economists even used the term "'moral hazar"d' for the inadequate effort by these debtor countries to payoff their debts, , which eventually saw the emergence of debt crisis. Debt conversion programs such as "debt-for-development", "debt-for-exports", "'debt-for-exports", "debt buy-back" and "debt-for-debt" were introduced, but it was the "debt-equity swap" which captured most of the attention on the business and financial fields between the 1980s and 1990s. "Debt-for-equity swaps" was first put forward by Philippines and its importance was growing until the mid-1990s. From 1985 to 1996, "debt-for-equity" net aaccounted for a total of US$38.6 billion and; its priority aim is was restructuring the financial situation to a better position of the debtor countries for long term success. Three parties are involving in such swaps, and they are: the debtor government, the private sector investor1 and the creditor2. Commercial debt and bilateral publicly guaranteed debt are eligible to arrange "'debt-equity swaps"'. , andT the debt conversion proceeds can be converted to cash or, bonds, to acquire the holding of public sector assets or to invest in the private sector, depending on the preferences of stakeholders involved. The private sector investors often act as the "negotiator"; they buy external debts of developing countries at a discount from face value on the secondary market or from a bilateral export credit agency, and then sell them to the debtor governments at the negotiated redeemable price in respective local currencies or local currency instruments3. The private investors will then be able to use the capital to invest in equity shares of domestic enterprises or public assets for the case of privatisation programmes4. Economically speaking, the amount of welfare gain must be larger than the welfare loss to successfully initiate the "debt-for-equity swap". Investors from the private sector often use the "Net Present Value" of the swap to determine the benefit if striking the deal. It is difficult to measure quantitatively that the exact value of "net" welfare gain, though an analysis on qualitative issues can be conducted through investigating the pros and cons of materializing "debt-equity swap" for each of the parties involved. For debtor countries, one of the potential advantages of performing the swap is its positive impact on the country's balance of payment by reducing the total debt and future debt service obligations in hard currency. Depending on the overall debt situation and the amount of debt swap, swap may reduce the debt "'overhang"' of a country and improve its pecking order in global financial markets. In addition, the swap encourages foreign capital inflows which may spur the

Discuss the different eras of resistance kinship relationships to Essay

Discuss the different eras of resistance kinship relationships to Aboriginal people - Essay Example Aboriginals are more found in Australia, India, Africa etc. they are different in the patterns of dressing, adoring, intake of food and medicinal practices. They have been different in various eras like primitive society, agricultural society, industrial society and post modern society. Kinship is the main objective of the sociologists since it is the basic factor in the organization of the society. They focus on the history of kinship irrespective of nation, state and geographical area. â€Å"Kinship systems establish relationships between individuals and groups on the model of biological relationships between parents and children, between siblings, and between marital partners.† (Kinship: a dictionary of sociology, 1998). But some theorists are on the view that the relationship between wife and husband through which they are related by marriage do not include in the category of kinship. They tell that this relationship is called as affinal relationship. But some other theorists say that the biological relationship is not necessary to determine kinship because some children have social father who takes the responsibility of them and therefore kinship must be established on account of social fathers. When we think about kinship the entire influential factors must be considered like the way of relationship, cultural and political background, economic status etc. There are two theories which emerged in the second half of the twentieth century and they are alliance theory and descent theory. Descent theory stresses that the role of kinship system is to understand political entities of the lineage group in the history. When descent theory gives more importance on the descent and succession, alliance theory emphasizes on the marriage. â€Å"Ernest L Schusky has given the following types of kinship.† (Joshi 1999, p.109). First type of kinship is consanguineal kinship which means the relation by blood like parent child

The Weimar Cinema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Weimar Cinema - Essay Example From this study it is clear that  during the era of the Weimar cinema, there was experienced stylistic, economic and cultural transformation in the film industry of Germany. Isenberg’s quote is highly relevant as it higlights the various aspects in which the Weimar cinema impacted on the film industry in Germany. The economic, cultural and stylistic changes encountered at the time have had a profound effect on the history of cinema as practiced in Germany. The Germany film industry in the present day has been thoroughly influenced by the establishments of the Weimar cinema, whose influence is evident in the modern making of films.This report highlights that  The Weimar cinema occurred during the Golden Age of cinema that notably was the silent era of filmmaking in Germany and elsewhere in the world. While the modern day production of films in Germany has advanced tremendously following the technological developments, a lot of credit goes to the Weimar cinema for such advan cement. â€Å"During the Weimar cinema period in Germany, an exceptional variety and number of films were released on various themes that have continued dominating the film industry in Germany and internationally†.  Isenberg’s views are significantly important in pointing to the contuinity of thematic issues in the modern time of filmography as was during the Weimer cinema.  The Weimar cinematography was fundamentally inspired by the sordid politics that surrounded the aftermath of the World War I.

The Perfect Critique Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Perfect Critique - Assignment Example After the 4-minute period limit is over the conversation can start. This barrier zone can enable the learners to reflect on the items and enhance their ideas without being influenced by their friends. Developing references; often artists get inspired by other artists. As learners grow confidence in discussing their work and other artists work, they will grow their working knowledge of art history and artists (Lois pg 23). Critiques can work as a moment to initiate new concepts and artists or to draw links to art history and art movements. Social media; learners can use social media like Instagram, sound cloud, YouTube and twitter so as to share and comment on different media forms. Learners can create memes and enhance new trends, create blog posts and responses of video to artworks. Recording dialogue; have learners record themselves when they have their discussions. Make them keep the record of what they discussed throughout the semester. When they look at what they recorded, they could evaluate the manner in which they employ language in discussing artwork (Lois pg. 45). Learners will notice that they have access to critical dialogue and critical thinking. Student-centered critique; as learners enhance their critique abilities they can learn to contribute to a discussion of artwork without the presence of the teacher. The learners can carry out critiques where the teacher is just a mere observer (Lois pg 49). It can develop the public speaking ability, autonomous critical thinking, and confidence of the student. Cultural or historical links; historical artworks can get viewed as documents or key resources for historical occasions. Learners can use such historical links to direct their discussion. This can be in form of field trips to museum, research projects, visiting a local artist studio, field trips to historical landmarks or art practice based on community in which learners enhance, beautify, or activate their

The Effects of Fast Foods on the Health of Persons Consuming Them Research Paper

The Effects of Fast Foods on the Health of Persons Consuming Them - Research Paper Example China has a vibrant fast food industry that is largely populated by western players of which key among is the Kentucky Fried Chicken and even the globally revered McDonald fast food restaurant chain, which according to Bankman and Alivisatos is expanding at a sporadic rate with ten new restaurants being opened on a weekly basis. This clearly affirms how the Chinese diet has integrated fast foods that bear origin to the western world (1). Bankman and Alivisatos lamented that fast foods majorly offer western-style foods that are made up of high contents, carbohydrates, saturated fat, and sugar that have less nutritional value and with a lot of processing (1). Sipahi in his writings stated that such fast foods have attributed to the rising cases of obesity in countries that include U.S, China, and the UK, where it has spiralled to an alarming level thereby being declared a serious national crisis (56-58). Schneider further added that a previous research study conducted by the German Ins titute of Human Health established a clear relationship between the consumption of a western diet that has high contents of potatoes, sugar, refined grains, and meat with weight gain among the consumers (1). Secondly, Schneider wrote that in a recent research study published in 2012 on the journal circulation showed that there was credible evidence to prove that Chinese people who consumed the western fast foods for more than twice a week had a high risk of suffering from cardiovascular diseases and diabetes (1). This research study noted that there has been an increase in cases of obesity among the Chinese people because of the fact that consumption of fast food is related to physical inactivity.

E Daily adult needs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

E Daily adult needs - Essay Example Charles Darwin explains that all living things compete for survival. In addition, individuals who appear strong have higher chances of survival in the modern world. However, strength is not defined by financial power or authority. Adults who develop the three needs in their lives gain strength that propels them to their social, economic, and political strength. Based on the concepts of survival of the fittest and struggle for existence, the three needs are important to every adult. Unlike children who depend on their parents, adults are independent. They rely upon themselves to ensure that the world is a better place for them and others. Independence, in this case, means that adults are autonomous. They are responsible for their destiny. In addition, adults should realize that every action has an opposite and equal reaction known as â€Å"consequences.† Adults ought to understand that good deeds bring forth good fruits, whereas bad deeds are detrimental to self-worth. It is prudent that adults strive to become the best at what they do; by understanding the concept of autonomy. According to the concept of survival for the fittest, adults should aim to reap the best from every activity they undertake. By doing so, they become competent in the highly competitive world. Based on the belief that no man or woman is an island, autonomy and competence develop the manner in which adults interact in the social, political, and economic spheres. Psychologists explain that extrinsic motivation is a significant component for individual success. Such motivation includes praise from the individuals who notice personal achievements. If motivation can be related to the adult needs, it would give rise to the third adult need of relatedness. Adults need to maintain healthy relationships with others by being able to relate to the achievements of the people around them. Adults achieve success by setting targets, implementing objectives, and employing the necessary

US History 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

US History 2 - Essay Example It is important to note that the anti-federalists argued that the proposed constitution posed several challenges to the government. In this respect, they argued that the proposed constitution would encourage the issue of corruption to the government. Corruption was viewed as a major social vice that would threaten the development of several sectors in government, including the developmental sector, economic, social as well as political sectors among others2. The anti federalists also advocated for a weaker federal government as opposed to stronger state legislatures. This is because most of them argued that a stronger government would most likely infringe on the liberties that Americans had fought for and won in the Revolutionary War. In regards to this, it is important to note that the anti federalists viewed liberty as the specific rights of the people that the government had to respect, protect and encourage. They maintained that the government had to observe, respect as well as protect the Bill of Rights in order to protect that

Marketing Energy Drinks to Americas Youth Essay Example for Free

Marketing Energy Drinks to Americas Youth Essay As I started collecting information for this paper, I soon realized that the energy drink industry is a very small (18 percent) part of the beverage industry, but a very dominant part to say the least. Interestingly, the major players in the industry, Monster Energy, Red Bull, and Rockstar, have intentionally veered away from the conventional mediums used to promote products. They instead have chosen marketing mediums that appeal more to their target markets and the â€Å"live life on the edge† lifestyles that they live. Monster for example, shies away from mass market advertising; instead they focus all of their sales efforts and marketing muscle on sponsoring action sports athletes, artists and musical, events and tours. All of this ties in with the company’s overall philosophy that Monster isn’t just a beverage, but a lifestyle brand (Landi). â€Å"The key is for us (Monster) to retain what we do best, which is marketing in an unconventional way and keep that feel for the brand,† said Rodney Sacks, CEO of Hansen Natural Corp. â€Å"Monster is all about action sports, punk rock music, partying, girls, and living life on the edge† (Landi). The companies that produce energy drinks are using the current popularity of action sports such as motocross, skateboarding, BMX, etc. , to showcase their products and to further brand awareness. It’s not coincidental that the demographic that participates in these sports and idolizes its professional athletes are also the same demographic that consumes energy drinks. You’ll see very few TV commercials or print ads promoting energy drinks but when you turn on the ESPN produced X-Games, just about every athlete participating is sponsored by Red Bull, Monster, or Rockstar. John Lee, director of sports marketing for Monster Energy Drink says, â€Å"We don’t do print ads or television. We strictly have promoted our brand through athletes and the events that the athletes compete in. † With our current generation (Gen – Y) of young Americans being the first to really grow up with the Web, it is important for marketeers to embrace the use of the internet as a vital marketing tool and communication medium (Ness). â€Å"This group has a lot of lifetime ahead of them and that makes their Lifetime Value (LTV) high for marketers,† says Greg Ness, Chief Strategy Officer, Burst Media. Ness was also quick to point out that, â€Å"one-third of current college students spend 10 or more hours online per week and one-fifth spend 20 hours or more online. † Ness concludes, â€Å"Their time online exceeds the amount of time they are spending watching TV or listening to the radio. † Monster has recently starting using the internet as a recruiting / marketing tool of sorts when they introduced the â€Å"Monster Army. † The Army is a â€Å"grassroots marketing outreach community that also locates up-and-coming athletes seeking sponsorship opportunities† (Campanelli). In the past few years, more than 50,000 athletes (recruits) have signed up as members of the Monster Army where more than 1,000 of them are currently sponsored through the program. â€Å"It’s been a very successful program, our Army members are out there spreading the word about our products, telling ten of their friends who in turn tell ten of their friends, it’s a snowball effect† (Lee). In addition Monster has also recently announced an exclusive relationship with the Loop’d Network, a social media platform exclusively for online sports communities. The Loop’d Network currently boasts more than 200,000 members worldwide (Campanelli). The history of energy drinks is much deeper than most would imagine. Japan is credited for pioneering the energy drink phenomenon, but the first mass produced energy drink was called Lucozade, and was launched in 1929, in the UK (Research Wikis). It wasn’t until Red Bull, which was first launched in 1987, and introduced the United States to the world of energy drinks a decade later that the energy drink industry really took off (Reuters). Red Bull might have had the first big impact on the market in 1997, but Monster, launched in 2002, by Hansen Natural Corp. has clearly made a strong impression on the market. With its initial market share of 12 percent in 2003, Monster now has a 30 percent hold on the market while Red Bull maintains 25 percent (Reuters). Past portrayals of energy drinks were for the most part all negative as energy drinks are not regulated by the FDA and most contain large amounts of sugar, sodium, and caffeine, among other things. Some brands and flavors have a caffeine content that can range from a modest 50 mg. to an alarming 505 mg. per can (Reissig). For example, an 8. 3 oz. can of Red Bull contains 76 mg. of caffeine which is about twice what a 12 oz.can of Coke contains (LeBlanc). A 16 oz. can of Monster contains about 14 teaspoons of sugar and 200 calories (LeBlanc). So what are all of these â€Å"negative† energy boosting drinks doing to our bodies? A recent study done by Wayne State University in Detroit showed that consumption of energy drinks increased blood pressure and heart rate levels in healthy adults that drank two cans a day (LeBlanc). With all of those negative aspects there must be something good in energy drinks. There is a long list of beneficial ingredients that can be found in most of the energy drinks on the market today. They include; vitamin B-complex, antioxidant vitamins C and E, the amino acid taurine, bee pollen, inositol, glucuronolactone, and herbal extracts from ginseng, guarana, ginkgo biloba, horny goat weed, milk thistle, yerba mate, damiana, rosemary, skullcap, black seed, royal jelly, and white willow, among others (Berry). The overall benefits that energy drinks are said to produce include stress relief, sobering effects, an improved love life, increased stamina, sharper reflexes, heightened alertness, virility, and they’ll stimulate your metabolism (Berry). The demographic that energy drink companies are after is rather broad. While their number one consumer fits the description of a young white male between the ages of 16 to 25, energy drink companies are broadening their marketing horizons and are now looking at men, women, and children between the ages of 12 and 40 (LeBlanc). â€Å"Younger kids see drinking energy drinks as something their parents might disapprove of,† says Jim Karwowski of Power Brands. A market that has yet to be fully tapped into is the female consumer. While the number of female consumers has grown 74 percent over the last five years, women are still considered the minority population when it comes to energy drinkers. Almost 20 percent of men say they drink energy drinks while only 10 percent of women say they do (Francella). I’ll be using information gathered from a number of different research papers as well as reports produced from beverage industry insiders to substantiate my findings on the marketing techniques being used to lure America’s youth into becoming loyal consumers. Method: During this study I coded 60 magazines. I reviewed issues of Racer X Illustrated and Motocross Action Magazine looking for ads from energy drink companies. My goal was to find print ads directly from the energy drink companies themselves that promoted their product. Once found (if found), I would evaluate what the ad was about and what demographic the ad was targeting. I watched and coded 10 TV commercials (via YouTube) in an attempt to figure out if the messages shown were directed towards a particular market. The only â€Å"corporate made† TV commercials I was able to find were from Red Bull and Rockstar. I found a variety of homemade Monster commercials but none that would have been endorsed by the corporate office. With Red Bull, four of the ads were animated and four were of Red Bull sponsored athletes. The two Rockstar commercials were based around music, one having a more psychedelic look while the other had a guitar player helping a stranded woman. My goal here was to evaluate what the ads were about and what demographic the ads was intended for. I reviewed and coded four web sites, three from energy drink companies and one from an action sports promotion company. My objective while evaluating these sites was to see what groups of people, whether it was men or women, and what age range was the information intended for. I found a vast amount of information to dissect and code from companies that are within the beverage industry. These are companies that do product reviews, market analysis, and product introductions, among other things. Two common messages that I repeatedly found in these articles revolved around college kids using energy drinks to mix with alcohol and the overall abuse of energy drinks. My objective here was to get an idea of how many college kids fall into one of these two groups. Although my options were limited due to a lack of documentation from other academic researchers, I was able to find, evaluate, and code information from four other academic research papers. I was able to find these documents after an exhaustive search using Lexis Nexis, Psychinfo, and the Social Science Citation Index via the Joyner Library. I came across a huge inventory of other academic research papers that were based on similar subjects, but to gain access to more than the first paragraph I would have had to sign up for subscriptions and pay fees. I’m hoping that my frugalness will not negatively impact my grade and hope the information that I was able to obtain and evaluate will satisfy the requirements of this paper. While evaluating and coding the different mediums I looked at the overall tone of the material. Was the tone very harsh and bold, which would possibly be directed more towards college aged males? Was the tone very light hearted and fun which would be more appealing to a younger population and/or women? Or lastly, did the ad have some sexual overtones and innuendos which could either be directed at young men or women? Results: Being a subscriber of Racer X Illustrated and/or Motocross Action Magazine for the last 30 years, I have found that I look at many of the ads in those magazines in a rather numb, non-consuming state of mind. I’ve seen the ads so many times that I know all about the companies and their products so I don’t pay much attention to them. To my surprise, after looking at 60 different magazines that were printed over a span of five years, I didn’t find a single ad that was specifically advertising the actual energy drink. I found a large variety of ads that were promoting energy drink sponsored events, but none for the drinks themselves. The majority of the sponsored events were either motocross races, action sports events, or alternative rock concerts (the Vans Warped Tour) and bands (Linkin Park). If I was to describe the age, sex, and race of the attendees of these events it would probably be predominantly 16 – 25 year old, white, males. Although I didn’t find any product ads in the magazines it was nearly impossible to turn a page and not find pictures of riders or motorcycles that didn’t have the name or logo of an energy drink showing. I felt the four animated Red Bull commercials could be perceived as trying to target the very young viewers and the female market as much as anything else. They were light hearted, funny cartoons that weren’t big, bold, and overbearing. The four Red Bull commercials featuring their sponsored athletes were very action packed and intense. They included Robbie â€Å"Mado† Madison jumping his motorcycle onto the roof of a building in Las Vegas, â€Å"B-boy Ronnie† freestyle break dancing, big wave surfer Ian Walsh, and stunt plane pilot Kirby Chambliss. While the animated commercials carried the pitch, â€Å"Red Bull Gives You Wings,† the commercials with the athletes concluded with the athlete saying, â€Å"Welcome to my World, the World of Red Bull. † These action driven commercials were in my opinion made for the thrill seeking male consumer between the ages of 16 to 25. I also found that Red Bull’s marketing plan has the brand pursuing traditional advertising such as TV commercials as its last phase of product market development (Hein). â€Å"Media is not a tool that we use to establish the market,† says Red Bull’s Vice President of Marketing, David Rohdy. â€Å"The idea is to reinforce, not introduce the brand. Only when a market is deemed mature does the company begin a media push,† concluded Rohdy. Red Bull typically creates two new TV spots each year and runs them in their â€Å"mature markets† (Hein). The four web sites that I reviewed and coded were the corporate web sites of Red Bull: http://www. redbull. com/ , Rockstar Energy Drink: http://www. rockstar69. com/ , Monster Energy: http://www. monsterenergy. com/. In addition to the three top selling energy drink brands I also looked at Alli Sports: http://www. allisports. com/ the promoter of some of the biggest action sports series and events in the world. Themes that were consistent with all four of the sites were action, youth, and energy, energy, energy. The Red Bull site was the most clean cut and professional looking site out of the three beverage sites. I’m not saying that the Rockstar and Monster sites were cheaply made, or have an unprofessional appearance, but the Red Bull site looks like something you would present to share holders of the company. It has the least amount of â€Å"boldness† of the three beverage sites, but is packed full of well filmed video clips showing off their sponsored athletes. I don’t know if the fact that the corporate base for Red Bull is in Austria has anything to do with the web sites visual appeal, but it’s definitely a different approach than its competition took. With the look and accessibility of this site and its features I felt like it was geared for an older more mature audience. I didn’t see the sight selling the sexual appeal of women as much as I did on the Rockstar site. I think Red Bull’s site would appeal to both men and women ages 15 to 40. The Rockstar site was definitely the edgiest of the three beverage sites. Just on the home page alone you see ads for mixed martial arts fights and heavy metal concerts that the brand is sponsoring. If you look further down you can watch a short video clip of five beautiful, big breasted women posing on motorcycles and race cars. There’s also links that talk about the variety of products they offer as well as links to the various music and sports events that they sponsor to include the sponsored bands and athletes that participate in those events. I felt that the Rockstar site was definitely geared for young, white, males, ages 15 to 30. Overall I thought that the site had a very harsh tone to it and women probably wouldn’t appreciate it. With a mix of the fighters and rock concert promotions flashing on the screen a viewer might even feel some rage building inside while viewing the site. The Monster site was all about speed. The home page had a constantly changing look that showcased many Monster sponsored racers. The site overall was neatly laid out. It didn’t have as clean and crisp of a look as Red Bull had but it wasn’t as busy as the Rockstar site was. The site was easy to navigate and was very appealing to the eye. I feel the overall look of the site and the message that it gives was directed more towards the young, white, male between the ages of 15 and 35. The site is very dark, as the background is black, and has a hardcore feel and tone. I think women might be turned off by that. One feature on the Monster site that is inviting to a broader fan / consumer base is the Monster Army. I think the idea of being a part of something is a selling point for many of today’s youth. I think the Monster Army is an appealing environment for both sexes with an age range of 12 to 40. The Alli Sports web site focuses on the promotion of the action sports events that they promote. Although Alli Sports doesn’t have direct sponsorship deals with any of the leading energy drink companies, all of the athletes that are sponsored by those companies participate in Alli Sports produced events. The same demographic that participates in BMX, motocross, wakeboarding, skateboarding, and other alternative action sports that Alli promotes also consume energy drinks. I feel the Alli site is geared more towards the fans of action sports which could be male or female between the ages of 12 and 40. It’s a very bright web site and has a low key and fun overall tone to it. Both the articles I found from industry insiders as well as the academic research papers that I found voiced similar issues and concerns. One issue of concern and importance addressed the use of energy drinks by college students. I was unaware of the fact that many energy drinks are on the list of nutritional supplements banned by the NCAA. Caffeine is a stimulant and college athletes will fail a drug test if the concentration of caffeine in their sample is 15 micrograms per milliliter. That would be the equivalent of slamming five to 10 cups of coffee before a game (Moritz). Another concern that researchers have is the increasing number of college students that are consuming alcohol mixed with energy drinks. In the fall of 2006, 4,271 college students from 10 universities in North Carolina were surveyed about their consumption of energy drinks, alcohol, and the combination of the two. The results of the survey showed that 697 of the students had consumed one or more energy drinks within the last 30 days, and one-quarter of the students said that they mixed alcohol and energy drinks. Looking at the amount of energy drinks consumed by the two sexes it was discovered that men drank on average 2. 49 energy drinks per month while women drank 1. 22 drinks per month. Students who were young, male, white, intramural athletes, and fraternity members or pledges, were significantly more likely to drink energy drinks that those in other demographics (O’Brien, Miller). With college students’ taking heavier class loads and the ever present concern of one’s grades, caffeine abuse has been on the rise on college campuses. There has been an increase in reports of caffeine intoxication from the mass consumption of energy drinks as well as an overall an increase in the number of students that are dealing with caffeine dependence and withdrawal issues (Reissig). The poison control center in Chicago has handled 265 cases of caffeine abuse involving energy drinks in the last three years. The users’ average age was under 21 (LeBlanc). Interpretation: Based on information I reviewed, I feel that the energy drink industry is very strong and will continue to grow. I think the marketeers of the energy drinks are doing a great job at getting visibility for their products and they’re focusing on a set consumer demographic that has huge spending power. The youth and college students today are easily influenced and have a strong influence on the products their peers buy. The studies show that because these energy drink companies are gaining brand loyalty from their consumers at a young age that the odds are in their favor that they will become lifelong consumers. Taking the unconventional route to marketing may or may not be any cheaper than doing normal TV spots that Coke and Pepsi do. Either way, the leaders of the energy drink market are making it work for them. From a financial standpoint, I think the return on investment will come faster in the energy drink industry than it ever has in any other aspect of the beverage industry. Selling 8 oz. cans for over $2 a can is a quick way to make money. Red Bull, Monster, and Rockstar are dominating the energy drink industry when it comes to consumer preference with white male’s ages 12 to 40, but what about the ladies? The industry has yet to scratch the surface of the young female consumer market. Granted, there aren’t too many professional female athletes participating in alternative sports yet, but there are other lines of approach that the industry needs to consider. I remember seeing a bumper sticker once that said, â€Å"Girls Kick Ass. † It is that same kick ass mentality that has made energy drinks as popular as they are today. I think it will only be a matter of time before we see one of the power players in the energy drink industry come out with a product specifically marketed towards women. Maybe a black Monster can with a hot pink claw mark rather than the green one, who knows?! I foresee the FDA getting involved sooner than later with regulations on how much sugar, sodium, and caffeine can be in each product. I don’t feel that mixing energy drinks and alcohol is that big of a problem and personally hope laws don’t get created to prohibit such mixes. I think that if an individual is going to consume alcohol irresponsibly, they are going to do it regardless on the fact that an energy drink is or isn’t part of their drink selection. Bibliography: Campanelli, M. and Lee, J. , eMarketingandCommerce. com (2007). â€Å"Social Media Tips from Monster Energy† (accessed June 9, 2009). Available at: http://www. emarketingandcommerce. com/view/106 Landi, H. , Hall, M. , and Sacks, R. , Beverage World (2009) â€Å"Monster Energy: A Mighty Force† (accessed June 9, 2009) Available at: http://www. beverageworld. com/content/view/35687/ Scribd, BevNet, Research Wikis (2006) â€Å"Research Wikis Energy Drink marketing Research† (accessed June 10, 2009) Available at: http://www. scribd. com/doc/3259151/ResearchWikis-Energy-Drinks-Marketing-Research Rajan, A. , Reuters (2009) â€Å"Hansen’s Monster Takes the Fight to Red Bull’s Turf† (accessed June 10, 2009) Available at: http://www. reuters. com/article/ousiv/idUSTRE5313N320090402 Francella, B. , CS News Online (2008) â€Å"Energy Drink Sales Growth Running Out of Steam? † (accessed June 10, 2009). Available at: http://www. csnews. com/csn/index. jsp Search: â€Å"Energy Drink Sales† Berry, B., Agri-Food Trade Service (2008) â€Å"The Energy Drink Segment in North America† (accessed June 11, 2009) Available at: http://www. ats. agr. gc. ca/us/4387_e. htm LeBlanc, P. , Austin American Statesman (2008). â€Å"The Buzz on Energy Drinks – Energy Drinks Booming in Popularity† (accessed June 11, 2009) Available at: http://www. statesman. com/ Search: â€Å"The Buzz on Energy Drinks† Hein, K. , and Rohdy, D. , Brandweek (2001) â€Å"A Bull’s Market – the Marketing of Red Bull Energy Drink† (accessed June 11, 2009) Available at: http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m0BDW/is_22_42/ai_75286777/?tag=content;col1 Moritz, A. , Tribune Business News (2008). â€Å"Think Before Using an Energy Drink: Colleges† (accessed June 11, 2009) Available at: http://proquest. umi. com. jproxy. lib. ecu. edu/login? COPT=REJTPUc2 Search in the ProQuest Research Library database: â€Å"Think Before Using an Energy Drink: Colleges† Reissig, C. J. , Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (2009) â€Å"Caffeinated Energy Drinks – A Growing Problem† (accessed June 11, 2009) Available at: http://web. ebscohost. com. jproxy. lib.ecu. edu/ehost/search? vid=1hid=6sid=5b788385-77d0-43c3-8372-037638da0fc6%40SRCSM2 Search in the PsycINFO database: â€Å"Caffeinated Energy Drinks – A Growing Problem† O’Brien, M. C. , Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Winston Salem, NC (2008) â€Å"Caffeinated Cocktails: Energy Drink Consumption, High-Risk Drinking, and Alcohol- Related Consequences Among College Students† (accessed June 11, 2009) Available at: http://apps. isiknowledge. com. jproxy. lib. ecu. edu/summary. do? qid=2product=WOSSID=1BONI6HlgO3hemOl6fPsearch_mode=GeneralSearch. Miller, K. E. , SUNY Coll Buffalo, Res Inst Addict, Buffalo, NY – Journal of American College Health (2008) â€Å"Wired: Energy Drinks, Jock Identity, Masculine Norms, and Risk Taking† (accessed June 11, 2009) Available at: http://apps. isiknowledge. com. jproxy. lib. ecu. edu/summary. do? qid=5product=WOSSID=1BONI6HlgO3hemOl6fPsearch_mode=GeneralSearch Ness, G. , Chief Strategy Officer, Sundog. net (2006) â€Å"Marketing to College Students 101 (accessed June 11, 2009) Available at: http://www. sundog. net/sunblog/posts/marketing-to-college-students-101/.